CBC-News reported Montreal police on bicycles are using new C3FT ultrasonic distance detectors to ensure motorists are leaving enough space as they pass cyclists. On roads with a speed limit of 50 km/h or less, drivers must leave at least one metre between their car and a bicycle when passing. On roads with higher speed limits, drivers must give 1.5 metres (nearly five feet) of space. This applies even if the cyclist is in a separate bike lane. Drivers can be fined $313 (US$235), including fees, and receive two demerit points. 

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-highway-safety-code-police-drivers-pass-bicycles-fines-1.5256886