Very interesting approach about to be adopted in San Francisco:
http://www.citylab.com/commute/2016/09/can-san-francisco-build-housing-that-...
The hope is to establish a citywide “transportation demand management” program, requiring developers of new buildings to incorporate design features that cut down on vehicle-miles traveled. Officials from the San Francisco Planning Department, MTA, and County Transportation Authority have developed a 26-item menu http://default.sfplanning.org/plans-and-programs/emerging_issues/tsp/tsp_TDM_Menu_Options_v3b_handout.pdf of research-backed TDM measures, each of which comes with a certain amount of points. Every new development project would be assigned a site-specific point target, and to reach it, developers would choose their blend of VMT-reducing features.
[VMT = vehicle miles traveled]
cheers, Beth