- AT-Network - University of Manitoba Mailing Lists

Dr Karen K Lee MD MHsc FRPCPC
by Zdan, Terry (MIT) 19 Nov '12

19 Nov '12

http://www.iuhpe.org/uploaded/Regions/NARO/20110608_Symposium/1_FitCity_KLe… Thank you and regards Terry Zdan BA MEDes Policy & Service Developemnt Manitoba Infrastructure & Transportation 1520 215 Garry Street Winnipeg MB R3C 3P3 P 204 945 7381 C 204 227 3724 E Terrry.Zdan(a)gov.mb.ca

1 0

FW: Pedestrian LOS for Unsignalized Crossings (plus Spreadsheet Tool)
by Zdan, Terry (MIT) 19 Nov '12

19 Nov '12

Tools you can use. This compliments the US 2010 Highway Capacity Manual. From: Parks, Jamie Sent: Friday, November 16, 2012 10:13 AM To: members(a)lists.apbp.org<mailto:members@lists.apbp.org> Subject: Pedestrian LOS for Unsignalized Crossings (plus Spreadsheet Tool) Hi All, Apologies in advance for a long, but hopefully helpful email. Most of you are likely aware of the new multimodal LOS procedures in the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual that produce LOS A-F scores for pedestrians and bicycles along street segments and at signals. Fewer people (or so it seems to me) know that the HCM also has a new method for Pedestrian LOS at Unsignalized Crossings (found in Chapter 19: Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections). The method uses traffic volumes, crossing distance, and the likely yielding behavior resulting from any traffic control devices that may be present (e.g., rapid flash beacons) to estimate pedestrian delay which in turn determines the LOS grade. Default yield rates for common treatments are provided based on NCHRP 562 and other research, but can be supplemented/adjusted based on local experience. The intent is to complement the NCHRP 562: Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings and FHWA Safety Effects of Marked versus Unmarked Crosswalks studies to (1) provide positive guidance on what treatments are likely to be most effective for a given location and (2) demonstrate the need for/impact of crossing investments using a readily understood metric (i.e., LOS). A quick example of how this works for a road diet and rapid flash beacon applied to a 4-lane undivided highway: Before Conditions: 4-lanes, undivided 44 foot crossing distance 2,000 vehicles per hour 10% yield rate (based on standard marked crosswalk) Results: Delay = 600s, LOS = F Note: actual pedestrians would not wait 10 minutes to cross here. They would likely walk to the nearest signal, pick a small gap in traffic and run, or cross "frogger-style" where they do not wait for the entire roadway is clear to begin crossing. The point is that any of these results are extreme inconveniences to pedestrians, and potential safety hazards. Conversion to 3-lane section with median island: 2-lanes, divided 11 foot crossing distance (x2 for each stage) 1,000 vehicles per hour (x2 for each stage) 10% yield rate Results: Delay = 15s, LOS = C Conversion to 3-lane section with Median Island (plus Rapid Flash Beacon): 2-lanes, divided 11 foot crossing distance (x2 for each stage) 1,000 vehicles per hour (x2 for each stage) 80% yield rate (based on rapid flash beacon research) Results: Delay = 4s, LOS = A The results show dramatic improvements for pedestrians from the road diet, which could be used to justify the expense or demonstrate the benefits of such a conversion (especially useful if the conversion were to degrade auto LOS). Compared to the urban streets Ped LOS, the methodology is easy to apply and generally provides intuitive results (for instance, road diets actually DEGRADE urban streets ped LOS in many cases). Of course I may be biased, since I helped develop the unsignalized methodology! Anyway, the biggest downside to the unsignalized methodology is that is requires a lot of math (probability associated with yielding across multiple lanes, etc.), and it recently came to my attention that unfortunately none of the 2010 HCM software yet includes the methodology. To that end, I have created what I hope is a user-friendly spreadsheet/computational engine to implement the procedures. With this spreadsheet, getting results takes only a couple minutes (I spent 4 minutes putting together the example shown above). I've placed a copy of the spreadsheet on my Dropbox here: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/92064587/Ch19_PedLOS.xlsx. Please take a look, play around with it, and see what you think. I've left everything unprotected so that people can what's going on, check the formulas, and alter it for their purposes, but please use caution not to disrupt the calculations! If you've read this far, thanks for bearing with me. Please feel free to let me know if you have any questions. Best, Jamie Jamie Parks, AICP Complete Streets Program Manager City of Oakland | Public Works Agency | APWA Accredited Agency 250 Frank H Ogawa Plaza, Ste 4314 | Oakland, CA 94612 (510) 238-6613| (443) 235-6873 Mobile Report A Problem | Public Works Agency Call Center | (510) 615-5566 www.oaklandpw.com<http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PWA/Connect/ReportaProblem/index.htm> | pwacallcenter(a)oaklandnet.com<mailto:pwacallcenter@oaklandnet.com> | Mobile app: SeeClickFix<http://www.seeclickfix.com/oakland/>

1 0

AT and cardiovascular disease risk factors in US Adults
by Beth McKechnie 19 Nov '12

19 Nov '12

Active Transportation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in U.S. AdultsGregg L. Furie<http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2812%2900602-2/abstract#>, MD, MHS | Mayur M. Desai<http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2812%2900602-2/abstract#>, PhD, MPH Download full pdf: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2812%2900602-2/abstract Background Evidence of associations between active transportation (walking and bicycling for transportation) and health outcomes is limited. Better understanding of this relationship would inform efforts to increase physical activity by promoting active transportation. Purpose This study examined associations between active transportation and cardiovascular disease risk factors in U.S. adults. Methods Using the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), adults (N=9933) were classified by level of active transportation. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and minutes/week of non-active transportation physical activity. Analyses were conducted in 2011. Results Overall, 76% reported no active transportation. Compared with no active transportation, mean BMI was lower among individuals with low (-0.9, 95% CI= -1.4, -0.5) and high (-1.2, 95% CI= -1.7, -0.8) levels of active transportation. Mean waist circumference was lower in the low (-2.2 cm, 95% CI= -3.2, -1.2) and high (-3.1 cm, 95% CI= -4.3, -1.9) active transportation groups. The odds of hypertension were 24% lower (AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.61, 0.94) and 31% lower (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.58, 0.83) among individuals with low and high levels of active transportation, respectively, compared with no active transportation. High active transportation was associated with 31% lower odds of diabetes (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.54, 0.88). Active transportation was not associated with high-density lipoprotein level. Conclusions Active transportation was associated with more-favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles, providing additional justification for infrastructure and policies that permit and encourage active transportation.

2 3

(no subject)
by Dave Elmore 19 Nov '12

19 Nov '12

http://road.cc/content/news/70705-campaign-launched-nationwide-20mph-speed-l imit-road-safety-week-begins Campaign launched for nationwide 20mph speed limit as Road Safety Week begins Simon_MacMichael <http://road.cc/users/simon-macmichael> , November 19, 2012 <http://road.cc/content/image/834-20mph415x275jpg> http://road.cc/sites/default/files/imagecache/preview_500/images/%5bparent-n ode-gallery-title%5d/20mph_415x275.jpg A number of charities led by Sustrans have joined forces to launch a campaign calling for 20mph to be made the default speed limit on roads in built-up areas. The campaign, GO 20 <http://www.go20.org> , is launched today to coincide with the start of Road Safety Week, which continues until next Sunday 25 November. While some local authorities in England have already introduced 20mph speed limits on all or some of their roads - Oxford and Portsmouth, for instance, have city-wide limits, while Merseyside is introducing it on an area by area basis - Brake and the organisations that have joined it the campaign are calling for such a limit to be introduced nationwide. In the meantime, they are asking more local authorities to implement the speed limit, as well as appealing to motorists to reduce their speed to 20mph when driving near schools, shops and residential areas. A survey of 8,000 schoolchildren aged 7-11 years conducted by Brake, Brain Injury Group and Specavers ahead of Road Safety Week and the launch of GO20 found: Seven in 10 (70%) say they would be able to walk and cycle more if roads in their neighbourhood were less dangerous More than three-quarters (77%) say drivers need to slow down around their home and school Four in 10 (43%) say they have been hit or nearly hit while walking or cycling, and more than half (54%) worry about being hurt by traffic when out and about 72% said they would like to walk and cycle more than they do at present 75% would like more traffic-free cycle paths in their area, while 61% would like more footpaths, pavements and crossings, which they could use to get to school, the park, shops or to see friends 38% said they are not allowed to walk unaccompanied and 47% said they are not allowed to cycle unaccompanied. Brake and the other charities involved in the initiative, which besides Sustrans include Living Streets, the National Heart Forum, 20's Plenty for Us, Campaign to Protect Rural England and Ramblers, say that implementing the lower speed limit would result in: Fewer casualties: at 20, drivers have much more time to react, to help them stop in time if they need to, like if a child runs out. Studies show that when 20 limits replace 30, it means fewer casualties among pedestrians and cyclists. More walking and cycling: danger from traffic is a major barrier in enabling more people to walk and cycle. Town and city-wide 20 limits have resulted in more people walking and cycling. Healthier, happier people: More walking and cycling means healthier people, and more enjoyable outdoors activity for kids and adults. It helps communities interact and be communities. Less pollution: GOing 20 means lower emissions from vehicle journeys. Plus if more people can switch their commute or school run to foot or bike, it means less polluting traffic. Lower costs: Poor health from inactivity costs society dearly. Road casualties cost even more, due to the suffering and burden on health and emergency services. Preventing casualties and improving health means GOing 20 pays for itself many times over. It also helps people save money by choosing the cheapest ways to get about: foot and bike. Julie Townsend, deputy chief executive of Brake, said: "GO 20 is all about enabling people to walk and cycle without fear or threat. "If we are to bring about a 2012 legacy of more active communities, we need to make our streets and communities safer places. "Fleet operators can play an essential role in bringing this about, by ensuring their drivers always put protecting people first, and understand the vital importance of slowing down. "Our main message in Road Safety Week is appealing to drivers to stay well within limits, and slow down to 20 around homes, schools and shops. "It makes roads safer for walking and cycling, and makes little difference to journey times. "It's great so many fleet operators are getting involved and helping to communicate this and other life-saving messages this year. "We urge other employers to register on the Road Safety Week website to get our free guidance on managing driver speed." The campaign will be formally launched at 1030 this morning with a walking and cycling street party at William Tyndale Primary School in the London Borough of Islington, the first in London to introduce a borough-wide 20mph peed limit. Malcolm Shepherd, chief executive of Sustrans, commented: "A 20mph national speed limit would save lives and make our streets better places to socialise, play, walk and cycle. "It would also improve our health, tackling obesity and heart disease as well as reducing the burden on the NHS. "A 20mph limit is already in place in many parts of the country, but a postcode lottery where children are safer in some areas than others is not acceptable. "A new national limit would save money for public health, education and transport budgets, and the Government should now act to lower speeds on streets where we live, work and play." Thanks Dave o _ ( \ _ (X)\ /(X)

1 0

Kickstand SOLD OUT - Invitation: We Ride Here - Public Symposium at the Forks Friday Evening Nov. 23
by Anders Swanson 16 Nov '12

16 Nov '12

[ Although the kickstand Bicycle Policy Training Sessions are now sold out (and then some), we've added an exciting element that is made for to the public. This is a great opportunity for you to meet our out-of-town guests, get involved and celebrate. Space is somewhat limited, so arrive early. Please see the press release and poster attached (with text pasted below). Also, if you are a winter cyclist coming from the south end of the city, and would like to join us for a ride to the forks, there is a group leaving from the U of M's Welcome centre at 5:45. - Anders ] PRESS RELEASE *The World’s Love Affair with The Bicycle Comes to The Forks: European and Canadian Experts Share in Public Forum * Public “We Ride Here” Symposium at The Forks, Friday November 23rd, 7 pm – 9 pm Winnipeg, Manitoba -- Winnipeg is fast becoming one of our country’s bike-friendly cities and that fever is spreading throughout the province to towns like Morden, Thompson and Portage la Prairie. But, what would it take for our province to rival places like Denmark and the Netherlands where it’s ingrained in the culture and the psyche of its people? The “We Ride Here” symposium provides the answers. International cycling and city design gurus from Copenhagenize (Denmark) and Mobycon (Netherlands) are in Winnipeg to deliver a SOLD OUT two-day workshop, KICKSTAND, for professionals and leaders from across the Province. But, when the design workshop ends, participants and presenters will be heading to The Forks to celebrate and share what they’ve learned with the general public. “This is a great opportunity to come out and learn from some of the masters,” says Anders Swanson, local organizing committee chair, “They truly understand what it takes to plan and build a bicycle-friendly community that works for everyone. And, they understand how to do it in all seasons. They’re experts and we can learn so much from them.” “We’re excited by the enthusiasm and energy we’ve encountered in Winnipeg and look forward to contributing to making things happen,” says Angela van der Kloof of Mobycon. “Cycling is a perfect way to get around for children, adults, youngsters, and the elderly. It gives everyone independence, it saves everyone money and it is fun. Streets can be designed in such a way that it is safe for everybody to do so. Elderly people should not have to fear their lives on a bicycle. Children should once again be raised with bicycles and be able to use them all the time.” *The “We Ride Here” public symposium is an evening of culture, film, speeches, exciting announcements, refreshments, door prizes, and one lucky winner will get a grand-prize of a Dutch Van Gogh bike, courtesy of the Honorary Consul of the Netherlands.* “We are looking forward to not only hearing from the experts, but also to hearing ideas from our own community,” says Mark Cohoe, executive director of Bike to the Future. “This is a chance for us all to learn, share, experience and make our cities and towns all that they can be for cyclists of all abilities and interest.” Open to everyone. Capacity is limited to 120 people. Parking for bikes (and cars) is free. -30- The Kickstand Sessions take place Thursday November 22nd & Friday November 23rd @ the University of Manitoba Event Centre. Participants will leave with a stronger understanding of best practice bicycle-related implementations and how to market them, and an opportunity for a continued partnership with both Dutch and Danish experts. Mobycon is Netherlands-based independent research and consulting company with 25 years of experience in traffic, transport and mobility. Mobycon’s multi-disciplinary team consists of traffic planners and engineers, urban and rural planners, economists and human geographers. Copenhagenize is a Denmark-based consulting company specializing in urban cycling and liveable cities. They approach every job from the human perspective - using design, anthropology, sociology and common sense as their points of departure. For more information please contact: Anders Swanson Kickstand liaison in Winnipeg 204-797-1962 andersswanson(a)gmail.com

1 0

AT Webinar: Road Diets and Ped Safety, Tues, Nov. 20, 1:00-2:30 pm, EcoCentre
by Beth McKechnie 15 Nov '12

15 Nov '12

Green Action Centre invites you to join us for a local viewing of the upcoming FWHA / PBIC webinar at the EcoCentre (3rd floor, 303 Portage Ave) followed by group discussion of local applications.* *Detailed description provided below. *Road Diets and Pedestrian Safety** Tuesday, Nov. 20, 2012 | 1:00 - 2:30 p.m. CST* RSVPs are appreciated but not necessary. Hope to see you then! Please note that this is a free webinar, so you can also register individually if you prefer (https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/893317730<http://cts.vresp.com/c/?UNCHighwaySafetyRese/3084cb0a2d/01de1edd15/cd2d73d7…> ).* * cheers, Beth 925-3772 * * * * * * * FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) and PBIC (Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center) Announce Webinar on Pedestrian Safety and Road Diets CHAPEL HILL, NC — The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC) announce a free webinar on “road diets,” which are one of the nine proven countermeasures<http://cts.vresp.com/c/?UNCHighwaySafetyRese/3084cb0a2d/01de1edd15/339b6599…>that FHWA is heavily promoting nationally. ** Road diets, or the reallocation of road space through reduction in the number of regular traffic lanes, are of interest to communities that may be seeking to reduce traffic speeds, reduce crashes, improve accessibility for pedestrians and bicyclists, or achieve a number of other benefits. This webinar will present information about the safety benefits of road diets, particularly to pedestrians, and highlight examples of road diet implementation in the United States. Libby Thomas, a researcher at the UNC Highway Safety Research Center, will provide a brief presentation on some of the research findings related to road diets. She will discuss many of the safety benefits of road diets, which have been shown to reduce crashes among all road users. Mike Sallaberry, Transportation Engineer at the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, will discuss the road diet experience in San Francisco, California. San Francisco has implemented more road diet projects within its 47 square miles than any other city in North America. This portion of the presentation will give some brief background on the history of road diets in San Francisco, focusing on how and why they are used. Mike will discuss how road diets have been used to create space for bikeways, pedestrian facilities, and transit, as well as how they are used for traffic calming purposes and to add landscaping and storm water management features to a street. The presentation will touch on some of the benefits of road diets but will focus more on how to get them approved, especially when they are controversial. Gina Coffman, of Toole Design Group, will discuss the road diet experience in Seattle, Washington. The City of Seattle has successfully implemented over 30 road diets. Before and after evaluations have indicated up to 70 percent reduction in injury collisions and 90 percent reduction in aggressive speeders on corridors where such projects have been implemented. Gina’s presentation will explore the history, research, planning and design of road diets, offering tips to build stakeholder support through public process. Seattle case studies will include before and after data showing changes in traffic and bicycle volume, neighborhood diversions, speeding and collisions over the years. The presenters will also participate in a question and answer session to discuss how to address barriers to implementation and answer questions from the attendees. This webinar is one of the free webinars that FHWA offers quarterly as part of its Pedestrian Safety Focus States and Cities initiatives. FHWA's Safety Office is trying to aggressively reduce pedestrian deaths by focusing extra resources on the states and cities with the highest pedestrian fatalities and/or fatality rates. Webinar archives for this series, as well as listings of upcoming sessions, can be found at http://www.walkinginfo.org/training/pbic/pedfocus_webinars.cfm<http://cts.vresp.com/c/?UNCHighwaySafetyRese/3084cb0a2d/01de1edd15/a2c00bae…> .

1 0

Cycling is good for business
by Dave Elmore 15 Nov '12

15 Nov '12

<http://bikeyface.com/> Bikeyface <http://bikeyface.com/2012/11/02/not-cyclists/> NOT-CYCLISTS There has been a move to build more infrastructure for cyclists here. However, with limited space on the road, this comes at a cost. which has local businesses concerned. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bikeyface/8146881645/> People But there is the issue. How can you tell how you tell a driving customer from a walking customer from a biking customer? Especially when a cyclist is not a "cyclist". <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bikeyface/8146916476/> People .just like a driver is not a "driver." They are both customers. But drivers tend to pass through towns, and those on bike or on foot will spend time at local businesses. And the goal of business is to get more customers, and bike infrastructure will bring more of these not-cyclists down their particular street- with things to do, money to spend, time to stop. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bikeyface/8146881719/> People Ultimately it's not about biking, but creating a neighborhood where people will stop biking. and stay a while.

1 0

Bike to the Future's Annual General Meeting and Achievements Celebration
by Kevin Miller 14 Nov '12

14 Nov '12

All of Bike to the Future's members and supporters are invited to attend our 2012 Annual General Meeting & Achievements Celebration on Tuesday November 20 from 5:30 to 6:30 at the <http://maps.google.ca/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=145+pacific+ winnipeg&sll=49.891235,-97.15369&sspn=30.739621,100.986328&ie=UTF8hq=&hn ear=145+Pacific+Ave,+Winnipeg,+Division+No.+11,+Manitoba&z=16> Sport for Life Centre. Our <http://biketothefuture.org/events/archives/2012/09/19/november-monthly- meeting> November Monthly meeting will commence immediately after the AGM. For AGM details (including the meal menu, the agenda, and the nominated slate of directors), see biketothefuture.org/events/archives/2012/09/19/2012-annual-general-meeti ng-and-achievements-celebration. Kevin Miller Bike to the Future, Secretary <http://biketothefuture.org> biketothefuture.org

2 1

Call for Abstracts: Bicycle Urbanism
by Beth McKechnie 13 Nov '12

13 Nov '12

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS *The International Bicycle Urbanism Symposium will take place at the College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle from June 19-22, 2013.* You are invited to submit abstracts for papers dealings with: Ways that cities can best encourage and accommodate bicycle use 20-30 years in the future Leading research that addresses bicycle use and effects of innovation in infrastructure and programs Best practices and how these can inform long-term planning for bicycle use. Intended participants include planning and design professionals, researchers, bicycle advocates, and public officials. Selected papers will be edited for one or more referred books. A fuller description of the Symposium and its program can be found at www.be.washington.edu/bicycleurbanism. Questions can be addressed at bikeurb(a)uw.edu.

1 0

Transport Canada to look at bike safety benefits of truck side skirts
by Dave Elmore 13 Nov '12

13 Nov '12

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/transport-canada-to-look-at-bik e-safety-benefits-of-truck-side-skirts/article5040530/ Transport Canada to look at bike safety benefits of truck side skirts Renata D'Aliesio The Globe and Mail Published Wednesday, Nov. 07 2012, 1:14 PM EST Canada's transport regulator is assessing whether aerodynamic side skirts attached to trucks to boost fuel efficiency could also save lives in road crashes by preventing pedestrians and cyclists from falling beneath the bone-crushing big rigs. The question is a key one and adds a new twist to the long-standing debate about whether the country should follow the example of Europe and Japan and require truckers to install side guards, which are heavier than skirts and often a drain on fuel but are specifically designed to protect people. Ontario Chief Coroner Andrew McCallum made the case for these guards this summer and again in September after analyzing the circumstances of 224 cyclist and pedestrian deaths. The coroner pointed to a National Research Council (NRC) report, completed for Transport Canada, that noted cyclist deaths and serious injuries involving the side of trucks dropped substantially in the United Kingdom - deaths by 61 per cent and serious injuries by 13 per cent - after side guards were introduced. Transport Canada, for its part, has continually rejected calls for a side-guard regulation, saying there isn't adequate evidence to suggest the guards would significantly improve safety in Canada. Not long ago, though, the regulator had planned to study side guards as rigorously as it is now examining side skirts, show government documents obtained through access-to-information legislation. Those plans and several draft recommendations were shelved. According to Transport Canada spokeswoman Kelly James, the NRC study "did not provide sufficient justification to warrant further testing." Ontario deputy chief coroner Dan Cass finds the regulator's position on side guards disappointing. Still, Dr. Cass, who led the probe of cycling fatalities, is encouraged that Transport Canada is looking at the possible safety benefits of side skirts. Working with the NRC, Transport Canada plans to start a cold-weather analysis of skirts this fall, a test that is expected to span two winters. "This is an issue that obviously has grabbed a lot of people's attention," Dr. Cass said, adding he would support skirts if they prove as effective as guards. "Anything that's done to try and improve public safety and lessen the likelihood of more cyclists being caught under the rear wheels of trucks . is a positive step in my mind." The contentious side-guard debate flared up last Nov. 7 with the death of Toronto cyclist Jenna Morrison. Ms. Morrison, who was five months pregnant, was on her way to pick up her five-year-old son from school when her bike collided with a truck turning right. Falling beneath the gap between the truck's front and rear wheels, Ms. Morrison was crushed to death. Her family and friends believe a side guard could have made the difference between life and death. They're not alone. Between 2006 and 2010, 18 of the province's 129 cyclist fatalities involved heavy trucks, with half of the victims dragged, pinned or run over by rear wheels after striking a truck's side, the Ontario coroner review revealed in June. Side guards might have prevented these deaths, the coroner concluded. For now, however, Transport Canada has no plans to resurrect its shelved side-guard study. After completing a look at countries that regulate guards, the NRC, a government agency, was planning to do a second phase of study that involved testing the effectiveness of different types of guards, but Transport Canada nixed that review. The NRC had also proposed a series of "next steps" in its phase-one draft. Those recommendations, however, were dropped from the final March, 2010 report after a review by Transport Canada. According to the draft, also obtained through access-to-information legislation, NRC's recommendations included performing crash tests with dummies to determine whether side guards can prevent serious injuries to pedestrians and cyclists and evaluating how the guards perform in heavy snow and ice. Another recommendation proposed the creation of a green trailer program to offset the added weight of the guards. NRC declined to speak about its side-guard research, directing questions to Transport Canada. Ms. James of Transport Canada said the draft recommendations were not included in the final NRC report because "the draft report made it clear to Transport Canada that side guards were not demonstrated to be substantially effective or beneficial." There are other factors at play, too. The regulator is conducting a cost-benefit analysis of requiring side barriers on trucks. It has also raised the side-guard issue with the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. With thousands of trucks streaming across the border daily, the two countries have pledged to harmonize their truck regulations. The United States does not require side guards and is not pursuing research or proposing a regulation on this front, Ms. James noted. The Canadian Trucking Alliance, which is opposed to making side guards mandatory, won't comment on Transport Canada's study of side skirts until it is complete. The organization believes other safety measures, such as adding bike lanes and enhancing share-the-road education campaigns, would be more effective than regulating side guards. But for Ron Freeman, a cyclist whose pelvis was crushed by the rear wheels of a furniture-delivery truck, installing side guards is part of the solution. A dozen years after his accident in Toronto, he still wonders whether a guard would have reduced the severity of his injury. He has undergone 10 surgeries and expects he'll need another hip replacement soon. "Had there been a side guard in place on the trailer, I would not have been crushed," Mr. Freeman said. "My life would be different." Bicyclist and pedestrian casualties involving a heavy truck in Canada, 2004-2008 Cyclist fatalities Total: 53 Known side: 6 Possible side: 4 Cyclist injuries Total: 689 Known side: 114 Possible side: 166 Pedestrian fatalities Total: 145 Known side: 7 Possible side: 6 Pedestrian injuries Total: 1,080 Known side: 81 Possible side: 121 Source: Transport Canada

2 1